Monthly self breast examination yearly mammography for women aged 40 and older yearly breast physical examination by a health care professional. Two large pdf files offer a faithful reproduction of each full volume.
Embryology And Anatomy Of Breast
On the anatomy of the breast by sir astley paston cooper 1840.
Anatomy of breast pdf. Each breast also contains blood vessels and vessels that transport lymph. Breast anatomy in order to understand breast augmentation surgery a general knowledge of breast anatomy is often helpful. Coopers 1840 edition is reproduced in two formats for the jefferson digital commons.
For greater ease of use each chapter and plate is also listed separately and plate descriptions have been attached to the individual plates. Right the major breast structures are the nipple areolar complex the large duct system and the terminal duct lobular units. The main bulk of the breast tissue is usually localized to its upper outer quadrant.
At its superolateral extremity the breast tissue projects as a tongue into the axilla along the lower border of the pectoralis majordthe axillary tail of spence. This quadrant is more often implicated in breast cancer and in most benign lesions of breast tissue. They are surrounded by a pigmented circular region of skin called the areola which becomes even more pigmented and prominent during puberty.
This section will explain the structure and functions of the breast and define commonly used terms. Breast anatomy the breast is an endocrine gland placed on the front of the chest consisting of glandular acini also called alveoli coated by cells that have the property of securing milk under the influence of hormones such as prolactin. Color spontaneous bloody or bilateral.
The pectoralis major muscle and the pectoralis minor overlie the ribs of the chest wall connected by intercostal muscles. Mass size tender or nontender mobile or nonmobile texture nipple discharge. The areola contains small glands that lubricate the nipple during breastfeeding.
The nipple is in the center of a dark area of skin called the areola. There are no muscles in the breasts but muscles lie under each breast to cover the ribs. The weight of the gland varies in girls in the limits of 150200 g in the period of lactation 300900 g.
1 anatomy of a healthy breast out of the period of lactation the mammary gland has in average 1012 cm in the diameter with the thickness of 23 cm d. The nipple anatomy is adjusted to support the function of the breast. Strip method spokes of a wheel or a spiral pattern.
Breasts start developing between the ages of 9 14 years for most women when. A breast biopsy in which computerized pictures help the health care provider reach the exact location of the abnormal breast tissue to remove a sample. In the adult woman the breast is made up of glandular tissue connective tissue.
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