Pediatric Airway Anatomy

The airway changes in size shape and position throughout its development from the neonate to the adult 1. Knowledge of the functional anatomy of the airway in children forms the basis of understanding the pathological conditions that may occur.

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The airway of the pediatric patient differs in many ways which impact the anesthesiologists management of the airway.

Pediatric airway anatomy. The main site of airway resistance in the adult is the upper airway. Specific issues in the management of the pediatric airway. Knowledge of the functional anatomy of the airway in children forms the basis of understanding the pathological conditions that may occur.

To achieve a neutral position. This in turn allows a comprehensive assessment of the pediatric airway to take place including a detailed medical history clinical examination and specific investigative procedures. With a smaller body size comes an increase in the precision needed to successfully maintain airway patency if any injury or insult to the airway occurs.

This in turn allows a comprehensive assessment of the pediatric airway to take place including a detailed. However it has been shown that peripheral airway resistance in children younger than 5 years of age is four times higher than adults the major site of resistance is the medium sized bronchi. This requires suitable patient positioning during preparation for intubation and differs based on the age of the child.

The paediatric airway differs from that of adults in terms of anatomy and there are important management implications. In order to open the paediatric airway and gain the best view of the laryngeal inlet the oral pharyngeal and tracheal axes must be brought into alignment. Pediatric airways are often challenging due to the size of the patient.

Infants up to one year old have a large occiput which flexes the neck when the infant lies supine on a flat surface. Predictably these differences are most pronounced at birth and the most unfamiliar non adult like airway is encountered in neonates and infants under 1 year of age.

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